Sustainable Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt: Integrating Host Resistance and Microbial Biocontrol
Keywords:
Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, Biological control, Fusarium wilt, PGPRAbstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop cultivated worldwide and serves as a major source of dietary protein. However, its production is severely constrained by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, a soil-borne pathogen capable of surviving in soil and plant residues for several years. The disease causes significant yield losses ranging from 10% to 100% depending on environmental conditions, cultivar susceptibility, and pathogen virulence. Typical symptoms include yellowing, drooping, vascular discoloration, wilting, and eventual plant death. Conventional management strategies, including chemical control, have shown limited effectiveness and may pose environmental concerns. Therefore, biological control has emerged as a sustainable alternative for disease management. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., along with fungal antagonists like Trichoderma harzianum, have demonstrated substantial potential in suppressing Fusarium wilt through mechanisms including root colonization, competition, antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance, and enhancement of plant growth. These biological agents not only reduce disease incidence but also improve nutrient uptake, plant vigor, and crop productivity. The present study reviews the occurrence, biology, disease cycle, geographical distribution, yield losses, and management strategies of chickpea Fusarium wilt, with particular emphasis on environmentally friendly biological control approaches. The findings highlight the importance of integrating resistant cultivars with effective biocontrol agents for sustainable management of chickpea wilt and improved crop production.
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