Medical and Life Sciences

Epidemiology of Non-Addicted Schizophrenic Patients: Evidence from Pakistan

Ishrat Aziz — 2023-08-05

Whether key variances exist in the frequency of schizophrenia about addiction or nonaddiction is not simple. More work has been done on comorbid schizophrenia as compared to exclusive work on non-addicted schizophrenia persons due to strict inclusion criteria. In the present study, we enrolled only non-addicted schizophrenia persons and evaluated factors like Gender difference, low education status, non-biological beliefs, and old age to clear the picture of schizophrenia in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study conducted on 111
participants included 81 patients and 30 controls. The non-addicted schizophrenia persons have participated in the present study were from the Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH) Lahore and Blessings Drug Rehabilitation Centre Lahore and were fulfilling
diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-IV) operational criteria. Data was collected via a questionnaire and analyzed on SPSS 16. The mean age of non-addicted schizophrenia persons was 35.42 years in the range of 18-65 years. Epidemiological results showed that
in the Pakistani population, there is no gender difference seen in the non-addicted schizophrenia persons. Hospital-visiting non-addicted schizophrenia persons have more biological beliefs (45.9 %) for their illness, and superstitious beliefs were at second. Among
the subtypes, the Catatonic subtype is more prominent and associated with low marriage outcomes. Paranoid patients have strong superstitious beliefs as they possess more hallucinations and delusions and report alien influence as the main reason of their illness.
Gender differences, low education status, non-biological beliefs and old age may not be considered prominent factors in the incidence of schizophrenia in the Pakistani population.

Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in active versus nonactive females in UMT and effect of exercise on menstruation

Syeda Saira Iqbal — 2023-10-05

To determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in physically active versus non active female participants in UMT and to see the effect of exercise on menstruation. This was an observational cross sectional study. We used simple random sampling to collect data. Total female participants were 200 from which 175 were included and 25 were excluded. We analyzed data qualitatively as well quantitatively by using SPSS 21. It was evident that those who performed exercise for 35 minutes daily 5 times a week being stated as active females had less premenstrual negative effect 38.1% as compared to non-active females in which value was 59.3%. Similarly those who were active showed less menstrual negative effects (65.5%) as compared to non-active females in which the percentage was 73.6%. In a correlation between exercise and dysmenorrhea p-value was less than 0.05 which indicated that the relationship was highly significant. Detrimental effects of menstruation (menstrual pain and cramps) reduced in active females who performed 35 minutes exercise daily for five times a week as compared to non-active females who had performed exercise for 35 minutes daily seems to be an easy, non-pharmacological method for managing detrimental effects of menstruation.

Impact of Prolonged Electronic Gadget Use on Dietary Habits: A Comprehensive Study on Children and Women

Tanveer Aslam — 2023-12-05

Among the behaviors related with food intake, using electronic gadgets (television, computer/laptop, and mobile phone/tablet) is important by given the number of children and women exposed. Also, more time spent on using electronic gadgets (television, computer/laptop, and mobile phone/tablet) has been correlated with physical inactivity and less required dietary intake among women and children. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the use of electronic gadgets and unhealthy eating and how much time was spent on electronic gadgets. A cross-sectional survey-based evaluative study was performed on children and women. A questionnaire was designed for the survey. The total number of participants was 400 out of which 200 were women and 200 were children. Participants included were both male and female. All parameters were obtained and statistically analyzed. Spending more than five hours per day using electronic gadgets was significantly associated with higher intake of unhealthy foods in both children and women. A higher intake of low-nutrient foods and sugar beverages was observed among those spending additional time watching television. It is shown by the study, that more than (70%) of subjects agreed that advertisements affect their food choices.

Oral Rehabilitation in the Face of Thoracic Challenges: Prosthodontics Unveiling New Frontiers in Healthcare

Muhammad Abdul Muqeet — 2023-12-05

Objective: The objectives were to determine problems unique to oral rehabilitation, patient compliance with prosthetic rehabilitation, the impact of radiation therapy on prosthetic recovery, to attain significant differences over time prior to and following prosthetic intervention, and to conduct and record specific patient-deprived problem solving.

Study Design: Retrospective study

Place and Duration: The study was carried out at Department of Prosthodontics,Dental college HITEC-IMS taxilla cantt from June 2021 to December 2021.

Methods: Total 90 patients with oral cancer were examined. Using the LORQv3 and OHIP-14, patients were asked to score their experience with dental difficulties both before and after the prosthesis was fabricated. A Likert scale was used to compare the responses. All of the data were analysed using SPSS 24.0.

Results: Before receiving dental rehabilitation, patients with head and neck cancer experienced severe issues. All domains of LORQ-v3 and OHIP-14 showed improvement after a year of prosthetic therapy. For the duration of the one-year trial period, there was complete compliance with using prosthetic appliances. The LORQ-v3 showed a 12-40% improvement in function across all elements. OHIP-14 revealed gains ranging from 14% to 230% across all domains. According to the lower Likert scale values following prosthetic treatment, patients with head and neck cancer fared better thanks to prosthetic rehabilitation.

Conclusion: We came to the conclusion in this study that following prosthodontic rehabilitation, the oral health-related quality of life increased for patients with head and neck cancer.

A comparative study showing the quick spread of the second wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in Asian countries: A case of China, Pakistan, and India

Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha — 2022-12-05

COVID-19 is a severe, ongoing, novel pandemic that appeared in December 2019 in China city of Wuhan. Pakistan and many countries are now experiencing a second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study is to compare the COVID-19 outbreak between three Asian countries (Pakistan, India, and China). We collected data on COVID 19 second wave till June 2021. In Pakistan till June 2021 reported cases of COVID-19 were 9,49,838. In India, till June 2021 reported cases of COVID-19 were 29,977,861 and in China till June 2021 reported cases of COVID-19 were 91,682. Our results show that there are more cases of Coronavirus in India than in Pakistan and China. India is a country that deadly effected by 2^nd wave of Coronavirus due to a shortage of hospital beds, Oxygen cylinders, and Vaccines. In addition to managing the appearance of new forms, a few factors, such as lockdown and vaccination, were responsible for controlling the growing number of this disease cases worldwide. Collectively, a relative analysis of the situation of the 2^nd wave outbreak between these 3 Asian countries suggests to policymakers arrange for better management of Coronavirus reappearance or its rigorousness in India and other countries.