Aphis gossypii transmitted Citrus Tristeza Virus: A Major Threat to Production of Citrus with Emphasis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69565/mls.v4i2.474Keywords:
Citrus, Citrus tristeza virus, citrus production, CTV, aphid transmission, plant pathology, viral diseases, PakistanAbstract
Citrus is an important world fruit crop in Pakistan due to both its nutritional value and economic importance. This can be cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas with production exceeding 100 million tonnes annually. Pakistan ranks among the topmost contributors with respect to production of different citrus crops especially Kinnow mandarins but its productivity is limited because of various biotic stresses. Of these, viral diseases represent the key threat and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is considered as most damaging pathogens to citrus orchards worldwide. It is a phloem-limited, ssRNA virus causing a broad spectrum of symptoms. The major symptoms of CTV include stem pitting, stunting, decline and fruit quality reduction. Aphis gossypii transmits this virus mainly from infected planting material to healthy plants while infected plant material is also an important source. Citrus trees infected suffer for life, often resulting in dramatic yield reductions and reduced production longevity. CTV has been reported from major citrus growing areas in Pakistan and its incidence has increased overtime, especially in Punjab. This review emphasizes the global significance of citrus, current status on Citrus production in Pakistan and biological and epidemiological aspects of Citrus tristeza virus. This review also emphasizes on the need for better management practices and more studies to ascertain the spread and severity of CTV under local ecological environments. Overcoming this challenge is critical for the continued production of citrus and for the agricultural economy
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